Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen blood vessels in the rectal or anal area that can cause discomfort, pain, bleeding, and itching. While they are a common condition affecting millions worldwide, many people delay seeking treatment due to embarrassment or fear of surgery. Fortunately, sclerotherapy offers a minimally invasive and effective treatment option for hemorrhoids, particularly for early-stage cases.
In this article, we’ll explore:
✔️ What sclerotherapy is and how it works
✔️ The procedure and its benefits
✔️ Who can benefit from sclerotherapy
✔️ Post-procedure care and recovery
✔️ Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
What are Hemorrhoids (Piles)?
Hemorrhoids are enlarged blood vessels in the rectum or anus. They can be classified into two types:
- Internal Hemorrhoids: Located inside the rectum and usually painless but may cause bleeding.
- External Hemorrhoids: Found under the skin around the anus and can be painful, swollen, and itchy.
Common causes of hemorrhoids include:
- Chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Straining during bowel movements
- Sitting for long periods (especially on the toilet)
- Pregnancy (due to increased pressure)
- Obesity
- Low-fiber diet
Mild to moderate cases of hemorrhoids can be effectively treated with non-surgical procedures like sclerotherapy, while severe cases may require surgery.
What is Sclerotherapy for Hemorrhoids?
Sclerotherapy is a non-surgical procedure that involves injecting a chemical solution (sclerosant) into the affected hemorrhoidal tissue. The solution shrinks the hemorrhoids by causing inflammation and scarring in the veins, leading to their gradual collapse and reabsorption by the body.
🔹 How it Works:
- The injected solution triggers an inflammatory reaction, which closes off the blood supply to the hemorrhoid.
- Over time, the hemorrhoid shrinks and disappears.
- This method is particularly effective for small to medium-sized internal hemorrhoids (Grade I and II).
Sclerotherapy is widely used because it is:
✅ Quick and minimally invasive
✅ Painless or causes only mild discomfort
✅ Performed as an outpatient procedure
✅ No anesthesia required
Sclerotherapy Procedure: What to Expect
The sclerotherapy procedure is simple and usually takes 10-15 minutes. Here’s what happens during the process:
1. Pre-Procedure Preparation
- The patient may be advised to have a light meal before the procedure.
- A bowel movement before the treatment is encouraged to reduce discomfort.
- The patient lies on their side or in a knee-chest position for better access to the hemorrhoidal area.
2. Injection of the Sclerosant Solution
- A proctoscope (a small tube) is inserted into the rectum to visualize the hemorrhoids.
- A chemical solution (e.g., phenol in oil, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, or quinine urea) is injected directly into the hemorrhoidal veins.
- The solution closes off the blood supply, causing the hemorrhoids to shrink over time.
3. Post-Procedure Care
- Patients can go home the same day and resume normal activities.
- Mild discomfort, itching, or a sensation of fullness may be experienced but subsides within a few days.
- The hemorrhoids gradually shrink and disappear within a few weeks.
Benefits of Sclerotherapy for Hemorrhoids
✅ Non-Surgical and Minimally Invasive – No cuts or stitches required.
✅ Quick Procedure – Takes only 10-15 minutes.
✅ No Hospital Stay – Performed in a doctor’s office or clinic.
✅ Minimal Pain and Discomfort – Only mild irritation post-procedure.
✅ Faster Recovery – Patients can return to work the same day.
✅ Cost-Effective – Less expensive than surgical treatments.
✅ High Success Rate for Early-Stage Hemorrhoids – Best for Grade I & II hemorrhoids.
Who is a Good Candidate for Sclerotherapy?
Sclerotherapy is best suited for:
✔️ Patients with small to medium-sized internal hemorrhoids (Grade I & II)
✔️ Individuals who want a non-surgical treatment option
✔️ Patients with bleeding hemorrhoids but minimal pain
✔️ Elderly patients or those unfit for surgery due to health conditions
🚨 Who is NOT a Candidate for Sclerotherapy?
- Large, prolapsed hemorrhoids (Grade III & IV)
- Patients with external hemorrhoids
- Those with severe anal infections or inflammatory bowel disease
In such cases, other treatment options like rubber band ligation, laser treatment, or surgery may be more effective.
Post-Procedure Care & Recovery
After sclerotherapy, proper care ensures faster healing and prevention of recurrence.
✔️ Mild Discomfort is Normal: Some patients may experience slight pain, swelling, or irritation, which subsides within a few days.
✔️ Avoid Straining During Bowel Movements: Prevent constipation by eating a fiber-rich diet (vegetables, fruits, whole grains).
✔️ Stay Hydrated: Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water daily to prevent hard stools.
✔️ Avoid Heavy Lifting: Refrain from strenuous activities for a few days.
✔️ Use Sitz Baths: Soaking the anal area in warm water helps relieve discomfort and speed up healing.
✔️ Monitor Symptoms: If severe pain, persistent bleeding, or infection occurs, consult a doctor immediately.
Most patients recover completely within 1-2 weeks.
Sclerotherapy is a safe, quick, and effective minimally invasive treatment for early-stage internal hemorrhoids. It is ideal for patients looking for a non-surgical approach with minimal downtime. While it provides significant relief, maintaining a healthy diet, good bowel habits, and proper hydration is essential to prevent recurrence.
If you are experiencing persistent hemorrhoid symptoms, consult a proctologist or gastroenterologist to discuss sclerotherapy as a treatment option.
FAQs
1. How long does it take for hemorrhoids to shrink after sclerotherapy?
The treated hemorrhoids usually shrink within 2-3 weeks after the injection. Some patients may need multiple sessions for complete relief.
2. Is sclerotherapy painful?
Sclerotherapy is not painful but may cause mild discomfort, a slight burning sensation, or fullness in the anal area, which disappears quickly.
3. Can hemorrhoids come back after sclerotherapy?
Yes, if lifestyle changes are not followed, hemorrhoids can recur. Eating a high-fiber diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding prolonged sitting can help prevent recurrence.