A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins that occur in the legs. Varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility, as they can interfere with sperm production and quality. Varicocelectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the enlarged veins and restore normal blood flow to the testicles. The surgery may be recommended for symptomatic varicoceles or varicoceles that are associated with infertility or testicular atrophy. Varicocelectomy can be performed through open surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or microsurgery.

• Symptoms: Symptoms of varicoceles may include a visible or palpable lump in the scrotum, discomfort or pain, and a feeling of heaviness or dragging sensation in the scrotum.
• Causes: Varicoceles develop when the veins inside the scrotum become enlarged and dilated, often due to faulty valves within the veins or increased pressure in the veins.
• Treatment: Treatment options for varicoceles include observation, conservative measures (such as wearing supportive underwear), or surgical intervention (varicocelectomy) to repair or remove the enlarged veins and improve blood flow to the testicles.